Wireless Networking

Wireless technologies allow one or more devices to communicates with each other without any physical connections such as cables. Wireless technologies use radio frequency transmission for transmitting data.

MEDIUM :- Various wireless medium are used to create a wireless network.some medium are used for shot ranges and some for long range.

Short Range wireless Medium :-

1. Infrared          2. Bluetooth       3. Lasers.


Long Range wireless Medium :-

1. Radio waves      2. Micro-Waves        3.Wimax  

 Type of wireless networking :-

Peer to peer (P2P) or AD - Hoc Network :- 
                 In peer to peer network a direct connection is established through a software based interface without the use of any hardware device. P2P multiple computer are connected wireless network interface card (NIC).

Infrastructure Wireless LAN or Access Point :-  
          Access Point can be used to setup wireless network. In this type of network, the wireless device connects to the access point and to the network. It is widely used wireless LAN can be used to connect wired and wireless network.

  

Media Access Control Address

MAC (Media Access Control) Address is a hardware address that is embeddred in the NIC. It is also known ad hardware or physical address. Every NIC has a unique MAC address assigned by IEEE. The MAC address operates at the data link layer of the OSI Model.

        MAC Address is a 12 digit Hexadecimal number (48 bit address). The MAC address is made up of numbers from 0-9 or a letter from A-F.

      The MAC Address is divided in two parts.The first part of the address gives information about the adapter manufacture. It represents the ID number of the manufacture. This ID is provided to the manufactures by IEEE. The second half of the MAC address represents a serial number for that NIC provided by the manufacturer. 

                                           FRAME STRUCTURE OF MAC

Data Communication

Communication means the exchange of information. Information can be transmitted either through a wired medium or through wireless.

             There are various factors that must be considered while transmitting data.

               Example :- Text message , Image , Audio or Video message etc.


Signaling Techniques :-

   Data can be transmitted using either Baseband or Broadband signaling technique.

• Baseband Signals :- Baseband signaling is a technique which uses a signals frequency to transmit data over a cable or wireless path. Base-band signals transmit for data transmission. 

• Broadbrand Signals :- Broadband signals is a technique in which data is transmitted using more than one frequency along a single cable or wireless path. Mostly,broadband signaling make use of analog signals and use frequency division multiplexing (FDM) to create the separate channels.

best example cable TV.

Institute of Electrical And Electronics Engineers

IEEE standards ( Institute of Electrical And Electronics Engineers ) is an association that promotes engineering and electronic improvement.

      IEEE is a non- project organization. A new project group called 802 was started in Feb 1980 to define network standards. IEEE802 committee defines frames, speed,distance and types of cabling to use for networking.

Standards                            Discretion

IEEE 802          :-   LAN/MAN overview and architecture.

IEEE 802.1       :-   LAN/MAN bridging and management.

IEEE 802.1s      :-   Multiple spanning tree.

IEEE 802.1w     :-   Rapid reconfiguration of spanning tree.

IEEE 802.1x      :-   Port - based network access control.

IEEE 802.2        :-   Logical Link control (LLC).

IEEE 802.3        :-    CSMA/CD access method (Ethernet).

IEEE 802.3ae     :-   10 Gigabit Ethernet.

IEEE 802.4         :-   Token passing manage.

IEEE 802.5        :-    Token ring (co-axcial cable).

IEEE 802.6         :-    Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) access methods.

IEEE 802.7         :-    Broadband LAN

IEEE 802.8         :-    Fiber Optic

IEEE 802.9         :-    Isochronous LANs

IEEE 802.10       :-    Interoperable LAN/MAN security

IEEE 802.11       :-     Wireless

IEEE 802.12       :-     Demand-priority access method.

IEEE 802.13       :-     Not used

IEEE 802.14       :-     Cable modems

IEEE 802.15       :-     Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

IEEE 802.16       :-     Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (wireless MAN)

IEEE 802.17       :-     Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) access.

                            

                  IEEE 802 SUB COMMITTEES